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India Focus Notes

India Focus Note 34: Risks and Challenges in Individual Lending

Author: 
Sandeep Panikkal, Venkata N.A. and T.V.S. Ravi Kumar

Many Indian microfinance institutions (MFIs) introduced the individual lending (IL) methodology as a natural progression from the group lending methodology. The lure of "big ticket" loans and higher profitability is attracting growth oriented MFIs to aggressively push for IL without considering the inherent risks.

India Focus Note 33: Why do Microfinance Clients Take Multiple Loans?

Author: 
Veena Yamini A., Venkata N.A.

This Focus Note (a) presents the rationale and impact for multiple borrowings from a client perspective; and (b) discusses how the MFI and its leaders perceive the issue and its implications. It is difficult to attribute multiple borrowings just to unmet demand for credit from borrowers, or to dumping of loans by the MFIs on clients well versed with the MFI methodology.

India Focus Note 32: Making Business Correspondence Work - Crossing the Second 'Break-Even'

Author: 
Brett Hudson Matthews

Several attempts are being made to make Business Correspondent model work for Indian Markets. This note summarises some of the major challenges that the model faces and how these challenges can be overcome by adopting client centric approach. It also examines the need for appropriate governance in making the model successful.

India Focus Note 31: Nascent Indian MFIs and Their Fund Raising Challenges

Author: 
Mukul K Singh, Neeraj Lal, Sunil Bhat

This Focus Note attempts to provide insights into the different sources of capital available to nascent MFIs in India and how an MFI might improve its ability to attract such capital. Much of the data for this note is collated from MicroSave partners under the RBSFI/Cordaid Technical Assistance programme for “Nascent MFIs”.

India Focus Note 30: Alternative Financing for Indian MFIs

Author: 
Anup Singh, Rajarshi Dutta Barua

Unlike traditional methods of funding (debt and equity), MFIs can use alternative financing measures that are not reflected on their balance sheets, and are thus referred to as “Off-Balance Sheet Financing” (OBSF). Portfolio buy-out, the ‘partnership model’ and securitisation are some examples of OBSF.

India Focus Note 29: Potential for E-/M-Banking Enabled Migrant Remittances

Author: 
Nitin Garg, Krishna Thacker, Venkata N.A., Sachin Bansal, Graham A. N. Wright

This note examines harnessing technology to optimise the delivery of remittance services – particularly for banks. It assesses the challenges for banks with the growing use of their core banking systems as a vehicle for remittances, and how they might transform these challenges into opportunities through using Banking Correspondents and e-/m-banking.

India Focus Note 28: Exploring Domestic Remittances as a New Line of Business for Indian MFIs

Author: 
Soumya Harsh Pandey, Vartika Shukla

With the growing interest in remittances as an important product for the poor, this note assesses the options for microfinance institutions (MFIs). It looks at the demand for remittances, the structure of a potential remittance product, why and how MFIs might provide remittance services and the risks involved in doing so.

India Focus Note 27: Migrant Remittances – An Untapped Market

Author: 
Krishna Thacker, Graham A.N. Wright, Nitin Garg, Venkata N.A., Sachin Bansal

There is huge business potential in domestic remittances from migrant labour in cities across India. This note analyses the demand side, analysing the four basic types of migrants and three types of recipients, their livelihoods and their remittance behaviour. It then examines what remitters and recipients look for in a remittance product.

India Focus Note 26: Market Strategy Development and 3rd Generation Microfinance in India

Author: 
Anant Jayant Natu

The “product-centric” approach of the first and the second generation microfinance (SHG-Bank linkage and the MFI led JLG model respectively) has proved rather inadequate to face up the challenges posed by the fierce competition resulting from a glut in microfinance service providers in certain regions.

India Focus Note 25: Dinosaurs and Rabbits – Indian Microfinance Market Evolution

Author: 
Manoj K. Sharma, Graham A. N. Wright, Christopher Murdoch

The microfinance world is changing - very fast. Because different clients have different needs and no one product or microfinance player is going to meet all needs. If microfinance is to deliver on its promise it must evolve and adapt in a way which meets clients’ needs more effectively, as clients change, and as the world changes around them.

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